Gerunds adalah kata kerja (verb) yang
ditambah ing (verb + ing) dan berfungsi sebagai kata benda (noun).
Dengan kata lain, gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan/diubah menjadi kata
benda
Dalam
kalimat bahasa Inggris, gerunds mempunyai peran sebagai:
1.
Gerunds as subject
2.
Gerunds as object
3.
Gerunds as subjective
complement
4.
Gerunds as object of
preposition
5.
Gerunds after word “NO”
6.
Gerunds after possessive
adjective
7.
Gerunds after certain
verbs
8.
Gerunds as appositive
Dalam
kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai:
a. subjek (subject)
b. pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c. objek langsung (direct object)
d. objek preposisi (object of preposition)
e. aposisi (appositive)
Gerunds
as subject, gerunds yang berfungsi
sebagai subject:
Reading is not my hobby.
Swimming is better than running.
Hiking can be very strenuous.
Gerunds
as object
I
like reading.
She
goes swimming every morning.
Their
favorite sport is running.
Gerunds
as Subjective Complement, Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu
didahului tobe yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective
complement, contoh:
Her
favorite sport is swimming.
Gerunds
as object of preposition, Gerund
sebagai objek dari preposisi terletak setelah preposisi, misalnya; for, before,
without, in, at, after, dll.
Contoh;
I will
wash the dishes after eating.
You
cannot be rich man without working.
Gerunds
after “NO”
Dalam
kalimat larangan, kita sering memakai kata “No” dan setelahnya biasanya
diletakkan verb + ing yaitu gerunds. Contoh:
No Smoking!
No parking in
this area!
Gerunds
after possesive adjective, Gerunds juga sering kita jumpai setelah
possessive adjective.
Thanks
for your coming.
Gerunds
after certain verbs, dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa kata kerja tertentu
yang bila kita ingin memasukan kata kerja sesudah kata kerja tersebut, maka
kata kerja setelahnya harusnya berbentuk gerund atau verb + ing.
Berikut
ini daftar kata kerja-kata kerja tersebut beserta contoh kalimatnya:
Admit
: He admitted cheating on the test.
Advise
: The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.
Allow
: Ireland doesn’t allow smoking in bars.
Anticipate
: I anticipated arriving late.
Appreciate
: I appreciated her helping me.
Avoid
: He avoided talking to her.
Begin
: I began learning Chinese.
can’t
bear : He can’t bear having so
much responsibility.
can’t
help : He can’t help
talking so loudly.
can’t
see : I can’t
see paying so much money for a car.
can’t
stand : He can’t stand her smoking in
the office.
Cease
: The government ceased providing free healthcare.
Complete
: He completed renovating the house.
Consider
; She considered moving to New York.
Continue
: He continued talking.
Defend
: The lawyer defended her making such statements.
Delay
: He delayed doing his taxes.
Deny
: He denied committing the crime.
Despise
: She despises waking up early.
Discuss
: We discussed working at the
company.
Dislike
: She dislikes working after 5 PM.
Mind
: I don’t mind helping you.
Dread
: She dreads getting up at 5 AM.
Encourage
: He encourages eating healthy foods.
Enjoy
: We enjoy hiking.
Finish
: He finished doing his homework.
forget
: I forgot giving you my book.
hate
: I hate cleaning the bathroom.
Imagine
: He imagines working there one day.
Involve
: The job involves traveling to Japan
once a month.
Keep
: She kept interrupting me.
Like
: She likes listening to music.
Love
: I love swimming.
Mention
: He mentioned going to that college.
Miss
:
She misses living near the beach.
neglect
: Sometimes she neglects doing
her homework.
permit
: California does not
permit smoking in restaurants.
Postpone
: He postponed returning to Paris.
Practice
: She practiced singing the
song.
Prefer
: He prefers
sitting at the back of the movie theater.
propose
: I proposed having lunch at
the beach.
quit
:
She quit worrying about the problem.
Recall
: Tom recalled
using his credit card at the store.
Recollect
: She recollected living in Kenya.
Recommend
: Tony recommended taking the train.
regret
: She regretted
saying that.
Remember
: I remember telling her the address yesterday.
Report
: He reported her
stealing the money.
require
: The certificate requires
completing two courses.
Resent
: Nick resented
Debbie’s being there.
Resist
: He resisted
asking for help.
Risk
:
He risked being caught.
Start
: He
started studying harder.
Stop
: She stopped working at 5 o’clock.
Suggest
: They suggested
staying at the hotel.
Tolerate
: I tolerated her
talking.
Try
: Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.
Understand
: I understand his quitting.
Urge
:They urge recycling bottles and paper
Gerunds
as appositive, Gerund sebagai aposisi atau penegas dalam kalimat, contoh:
·
His method, shooting and killing, eventually came
to an end.
·
She has a bad habit, gambling.
·
Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool, makes her body
strong.
·
That difficult work, sawing hard woo, makes him exhausted
GERUND…SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN.
1.
____ all the way make us tired.
a. Walk
b. Walking
c. We
walk
d. We
have walked
e. By walking
2. I
don’t like ____ to another school
a. Mira
moves
b. Mira
she’s moving
c. Mora
move
d. Mira’s
moving
e. The moving of mira
3. I’m
sorry for ____to move to another school
a. Doing
b. Making
c. Causing
d. Creating
e. Developing
4. Little
children are usually afraid of___ by their mother
a. Left
b. To
left
c. Being
left
d. Leaving
e. Been left
5. My
brother has been away from home for years without ever ______to us
a. To
write
b. To
be written
c. Have
written
d. Writing
e. Written
6. Before
____his essay he read books on the subject
a. He
writes
b. He
has written
c. Writing
d. He
has written
e. I am writing
7. My
parent are happy about ____ the prize in the essay contest
a. My
winning
b. I
win
c. Me
winning
d. That
I win
e. I am winning
1. After
____ his pass, he has allowed to enter the building
a. Shown
b. Have
shown
c. Showed
d. Showing
e. To show
2. Although
dino has denied ____ the money, they are still suspecting him
a. Stolen
b. Steal
c. To
steal
d. Stealing
e. Have stolen
3. The
man sitting next to ratu said, “do you mind______?”
a. Smoking
b. Smoke
c. To
smoke
d. My
smoking
e. Be smoking
4. He
must avoid____ too hard because of his poor health
a. Be
working
b. In
working
c. Work
d. Working
e. To be working
5. Would
you mind_____ so loud?
a. To
talk
b. To
not talking
c. Not
talking
d. You
not talk
e. Not to talk.
6. Please
excuse me______ you
a. To
interrupt
b. Interrupt
c. Interrupting
d. Interrupted
e. For interrupting
7. He
was sentenced to two years imprisonment he confessed _______
a. Steal
the jewels
b. When
stealing the jewels
c. He
stole the jewels
d. To
having stolen the jewels
e. To be stealing the jewels
1. I
____ to his behaving so rudely to ward his sister
a. Object
b. Dislike
c. Disagree
d. Complain
e. Regret
2. I
am looking forward to _____ a salary raise next month
a. Get
b. Be
getting
c. Getting
d. Have
got
e. Got
3. Have
you considered _____ to an apartment closer to your office?
a. Move
b. To
move
c. Moved
d. Moving
e. To be moving
4. It’s
hot in here. The air condition is not working’.
I think it only needs___________.”
a. To
clean
b. Cleaning
c. Cleaned
d. Clean
e. Be cleaned
5. In
her letter my friend said that she was looking forward _________ from me again.
a. To
hearing
b. To
hear
c. Hearing
d. Having
heard
e. Dance
6. What does this song remind you of?
_____ with my first date.
a. Io
dance
b. To
dance
c. Dancing
d. To
be dancing
e. Dance
7. We always try to avoid _______
preserved foods.
a. Consuming
b. To consume
c. Consumed
d. We consume
e. Being consumed
1. It’s
difficult ______ smoking
a. The
give up
b. Give
up
c. Given
up
d. To
be given up
e. To
be giving up
2. We did not know how
________ him stop drinking
a. Makeb. Madec. to
maked. to
be madee. making
3. since my father and
my mother are both working, we usually go ________ on Sundays
a. to
shop
b. they
shop
c. shopping
d. for
shopping
e. shop
4. I
remember ______ in his town when traffic wasn’t too heavy get.
a. Be
driving
b. We
driving
c. Drive
d. Our
driving
e. To drive.
1. I can’t help
(feel) worried about the situation in the Middle East.
2. I think most people prefer (ride) in comfortable cars to
(walk) .
3. She loves (swim) in the lake.
4. There’s no (deny) that he enjoys (listen) to his own
voice.
5. Don’t keep on (shout) like that; you will wake up your mother.
6. I enjoy (rest) in the afternoon after (try) to
finish (do) my English homework.
7. She likes (begin) pieces of knitting but hates
(finish) them.
8. I dread (take) examinations for fear of (fail) .
9. I couldn’t resist (buy) the lovely apples.
10. I wouldn’t miss (see) that lovely film for the world!
Exercise
on Infinitive and Gerund
Complete
the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. She is good
at (dance) .
2. He is crazy
about (sing) .
3. I don’t
like (play) cards.
4. They are afraid
of (swim) in the sea.
5. You should give
up (smoke) .
6. Sam dreams
of (be) a popstar.
7. He is interested
in (make) friends.
8. My uncle is afraid
of (go) by plane.
9. We insist
on (cook) the dinner ourselves.
|
Yuri was in his first year at
university, studying History. He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to
avoid (work) whenever he could. In the middle of the
semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in two weeks.
Yuri intended (do) the assignment, but he
postponed(write) it for a week. The following week, he
forgot (do) it. The night before the assignment was due, he
suddenly remembered it, and rushed to the library. He
tried (read) as much as possible on the topic, but there
wasn’t enough time. Yuri considered (ask) for more time to do
his paper, but the History professor was known to be very tough on students,
so finally he decided (cheat) and copy his paper from
somewhere else. He found an old article on the same topic, and quickly typed
it out. The next day, he submitted the paper.Thefollowing week, he
was alarmed (see) the professor approaching him, looking
angry. “Is this your own work, or did you copy it?” asked the professor. Yuri
denied(copy) the paper.
“If you expect me (believe) that, you must think I am very
stupid,” said the professor. “Every word is taken from an article I wrote
myself five years ago. Did you really think I would
forget (write) it?”
|
1. A friend of mine was accused of stealing food
(I think this is a gerund as it is the object of the verb accused?)
2. My wife is out shopping right now
(I think this is not a gerund as shopping is the main verb?)
3. When Sarah is playing music she is happy
(I think this is not a gerund, playing is the verb?)
4.Can you feel my heart beating?
(I think here beating is not a gerund but an adjective describing the action of
the heart?, even though ‘heart beating’ is the object of the verb ‘feel’)
5. James was washing up when I saw him
yesterday
(I think here washing is the main verb and not a gerund?)
6. I regret spending so much money on shoes
(I think spending is a gerund as it is the object of the verb ‘regret’)
7. The grass wants cutting this weekend
(I think cutting is a gerund as it is the object of the verb ‘wants’)
5:34 pm
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